History Hacker and Cracker

Hacker emerged in the early 1960s among the members of student organizations Tech Model Railroad Club at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The student group is one of the pioneering developments in computer technology and they operate with a number of mainframe computers. The word hacker first appeared with a positive sense to refer to a member who has expertise in the field of computers and able to make computer programs better than that has been designed together. Then in 1983, growing hacker analogy to refer to someone who has an obsession to understand and master the computer system. Because, in that year for the first time the FBI arrested a group of computer criminals 414s based in Milwaukee U.S.. 414 is their local area code. The group that came to be called a hacker was convicted of burglary 60 computers, from computers owned by Cancer Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering's computer to Los Alamos National Laboratory. One of the perpetrators enjoy immunity because TESTIMONIALS, while five other players get probation.
Then on further developments emerge another group that mention themselves hackers, but it's not. They are (especially the men) who have the satisfaction of breaking through computer and telephone outsmart (phreaking). Real hackers call these people 'crackers' and do not like to hang out with them. Real hackers crackers as people look lazy, do not responsible, and not too savvy. Real hackers do not agree to say that the person through the security has become a hacker.
The hackers meeting each year which is held once every mid-July in Las Vegas. Arena of the world's largest hacker gathering is called Def Con. Def Con event to event is more exchange of information and technology related to hacking activities.


Understanding Hackers and Crackers
1. Hacker
Hacker is a term for those who provide a useful contribution to the network computers, create a small program and share it with people on the Internet. For example: digigumi (Digital Group) is a group specializing in the field of mobile and computer gaming. Digigumi hexadecimal uses the techniques to change the text contained in the game. For example, the game Chrono Trigger English can be transformed into the Indonesian language. Therefore, the status Digigumi are hackers, but not as a destroyer. Hacker here means, to seek, learn and change things for the hobby and development by following legality has been determined by game developers. The hackers usually do infiltration-infiltration with the intention of satisfying the knowledge and techniques. Average - the average company in the world of global networks (the Internet) also has a hacker. His job is to keep the network from possible vandalism outside party "crackers", testing the possibility of a network of holes that the chances of a cracker tear - tear apart the network, for example: insurance and auditing company "Price Waterhouse". He has a team of hackers called the Tiger Team. They work for their client to test security systems.


2. Cracker
Cracker is a term for those who go into other people's systems and crackers is more destructive, usually on a computer network, bypasses passwords or licenses computer programs, computer security against deliberate, deface the (changing the web home page) belonged to someone else even up to delete the data of others, stealing data and generally do the cracking to his own advantage, malicious intent, or due to other causes because there are challenges. Some of the piercing done to show the security weaknesses of the system.


Hierarchy / Depth Hacker
1. Elite
Characteristics: understand the operating system inside and out, able to configure & connect a global network, perform programming every day, efficient & skilled, to use his knowledge to the right, does not destroy data, and always follow the rules. Elite level is often referred to as the 'temperature'.
2. Semi Elite
The characteristics: younger than the elite, has extensive capabilities and knowledge about computers, understand about operating systems (including holes), the ability of the program enough to change the program exploits.
3. Developed Kiddie
The characteristics: young age (ABG) & still in school, they read about the methods of hacking & how on various occasions, tried different systems to ultimately succeed & proclaiming victory to another, generally still use Graphic User Interface (GUI) and just learn the basic of UNIX without being able to find a new weakness hole in the operating system.
4. Script Kiddie
Characteristics: as well as developed kiddie Lamers, they only have the technical knowledge of networking is very minimal, not separated from the GUI, hacking done using trojans to scare & troublesome life most Internet users.
5. Lamer
Characteristics: do not have experience & knowledge but want to be a hacker so lamer often referred to as a 'wanna-be' hackers, use their computers mainly to play games, IRC, exchange prirate software, stealing credit cards, using software hacking trojan , nuke & DoS, likes to brag via IRC channels, and so on. Since many shortcomings to achieve the elite, in their development will only be up to the level of developed or script kiddie kiddie course.
Crackers do not have a specific hierarchy because it is only uncover and destroy.


Code Hacker
1. Capable of accessing a computer and infinite totality.
2. All information must be FREE.
3. Do not believe in the authority, means extending decentralization.
4. Do not use a false identity, such as the ridiculous pseudonym, age, position, etc..
5. Being able to create beauty in the computer art.
6. Computers can change lives for the better.
7. The work will be undertaken solely for the sake of the truth of the information to be transmitted.
8. Uphold the commitment not to defend the economic dominance of industry specific software.
9. Hacking is the majority of weapons in the war against the encroachment of computer technology.
10. Both Hacking and Phreaking is the only other way to disseminate information to the masses so as not to stutter in the computer. Crackers do not have any ethical codes.


Code Hacker
General overview of rules that should be followed a hacker as described by Scorpio, namely:
• Above all, respect the knowledge & freedom of information.
• Notifying the system administrator will be the security breach / hole in security that you see.
• Do not take unfair advantage of a hack.
• Not distribute & collect pirated software.
• Never take stupid risks - always know your own abilities.
• Always be willing to be open / free / free inform & teach a variety of information & method obtained.
• Never to hack a system to steal money.
• Never give access to someone who will make mischief.
• Never intentionally remove & destroy files on the hacked computer.
• Respect the machine in the hack, and treat him like their own machine.
True hackers will always act based on the code of ethics and rules of the game was a cracker does not have a code of ethics or rules of the game because of its destructive cracker.


Differences Hackers and Crackers
a. Hacker
1.Mempunyai ability to analyze the weaknesses of a system or site. For example: if a hacker tries to test Yahoo! site confirmed the contents of the site would not be messy and disturb others. Usually hackers reported this incident to be fixed to be perfect.
2.Hacker have ethical as well as creative in designing a program that is useful for anyone.
3. A hacker is not stingy to share his knowledge to people who seriously the name of science and virtue.
b. Cracker
1. Being able to create a program for the benefit of himself and is destructive or damaging and make a profit. As our example: Viruses, Credit Card Theft Code Warez, Burglary Bank Account, Password Theft E-mail/Web Server.
2. Can stand alone or in groups in action.
3. Having a site or our channel in IRC are hidden, only certain people can access it.
4. Having an IP that can not be traced.
5. The most frequent case is that Carding Credit Card Theft and burglary site and change everything in it becomes a mess. For example: Yahoo! never experienced anything like this so can not be accessed in a long time, the case of the most hotly discussed clickBCA.com 2001.


Two Kinds of Activities Hacking
1. Social Hacking, who need to know: what information about the system used by the server, who owns the server, the administrator who manages the server, what type of connection used and how the server is connected to the internet, who then use the connection any information provided by these servers , whether the server is also connected to the LAN in an organization and other information
2. Technical Hacking, is the technical measures for infiltration into the system, either with the tool (tool) or by using the system's own facilities that are used to attack the weakness (security holes) found in the system or service. The core of this activity is to gain full access to the system in any way and no matter what.


Hacker Case
1. In 1983, the first time the FBI arrested a group of computer criminals 414s (414 is their local area code) based in the U.S. Milwaukee. The group that came to be called hackers that do piercing 60 computers, from computers owned by Cancer Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering's computer to Los Alamos National Laboratory. One of the perpetrators enjoy immunity because TESTIMONIALS, while five other players get probation.
2. Digigumi (Digital Group) is a specialized group that is engaged in gaming and computer using hexadecimal techniques to change the text contained in the game. Examples: Chrono Trigger English game can be converted into the Indonesian language. Therefore, the status Digigumi are hackers, but not as a destroyer.
3. On the day Saturday, April 17, 2004, Dani Firmansyah, consultant Information Technology (IT) PT Danareksa in Jakarta managed to break into the site owned by the General Elections Commission (KPU) in http://tnp.kpu.go.id and change the names of the parties in it became the names of the "unique", like Kolor Ijo Party, Party Mbah pink, Guava Party, and others. Dani using SQL Injection techniques (basically the technique is by typing a string or a specific command in the browser address bar) to break through the Commission website. Then Dani was caught on Thursday, April 22, 2004.


Due to that evoked by Hacker and Cracker
Hackers: make more advanced Internet technologies for hackers to use his expertise in computers to view, find and fix flaws in a security system in a computer system or software, an administrator makes the passion to work back to life because of hackers helps administrators to strengthen their networks.
Cracker: undermine and paralyze the entire computer system, so that the network user data is damaged, lost, or changed.


Conclusion
The hackers used his expertise in computers to view, find and fix flaws in a security system in a computer system or software. Therefore, thanks to the hackers, the Internet is there and can we enjoy today, and even continued to be improved to become a better system. Then the hacker can be referred to a hero's network is a cracker can be termed as a criminal network due to infiltration with the intent to benefit him in personallity with the intention of harming others. Hackers often called white hackers (which is the real hackers that are built) and black hackers (crackers that are dismantling and destroying)
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